# Section 2

### HTML Heading Element

The \<h1>-\<h6> HTML elements specify headings with relative levels of importance, which is reflected in the formatting of the text when the HTML page is rendered. \<h1> elements have the highest importance, and \<h6> elements have the lowest importance.

### HTML Paragraph Element

The \<p> HTML element defines a paragraph. A paragraph always starts on a new line, and browsers automatically add some white space (a margin) before and after a paragraph.

### HTML Line Break and Thematic Break Elements

The HTML element produces a line break in text (also known as a carriage-return). It is useful for writing where the division of lines is significant (e.g., a poem or address). The \<hr> HTML element produces a thematic break in text (also known as a horizontal rule).

### HTML Preformatted Text Element

The \<pre> HTML element represents preformatted text, which is to be presented exactly as written in the HTML file. The text is typically rendered using a non-proportional, or monospaced font. Whitespace inside this element is displayed as written.

### HTML Text Formatting Elements

HTML contains several elements for formatting text in specific ways:

● \<b>-Bold

● \<i> - Italic

● \<strong> - Important

● \<em> - Emphasized

● \<mark> - Highlighted

● \<small> - Small

● \<del> - Deleted

● \<ins> - Inserted

● \<sup> - Superscript

● \<sub> - Subscript

### HTML Section Element

The \<section> HTML element represents a standalone section, which does not have a more specific semantic element to represent it. The \<section> element is most frequently used to group together related elements.

### HTML List Elements

Lists in HTML come in two varieties: ordered lists and unordered lists. \<ol> represents ordered lists, \<ul> represents unordered lists, and \<li> represents list items.

### John Jay

Instructor at George Mason University

Education: MBA at Wharton School of Business

Interests:

* Military Intelligence
* NASA
* Cricket
* Baseball

### HTML Image Element

The \<img> HTML element is used to insert an image into an HTML document.

### HTML Anchor Element

The \<a> HTML element is used to reference or link to other resources, such as HTML documents and images.

### HTML Anchor Element: Email and Phone Linking

You may need to open the user’s default email client with an email address when users click on an anchor link. Similarly, you can include a phone number, which will be opened in the user’s default phone app when the link is clicked.

### Activity: Images and Hyperlinks

Create an HTML program with images and hyperlinks.

### HTML Comments

In HTML, a comment is a section of text that is not processed by the web browser. Comments are enclosed in \<!-- --> tags.

### Folder Structure

The folder structure of an application is very important for organization and functionality, and should be well-defined.

### Absolute and Relative Paths

The file path indicates the location of a file. Absolute paths show the complete path to a file starting from the web root, while relative paths can only be used to link to other files under the same web root.

### Browser Inspector

The browser inspector allows you to see the entire structure of a single HTML page, including scripts, style sheets, or other content.

### Emmet Toolkit

Emmet is a web-developer’s toolkit that can greatly improve HTML and CSS workflow.

### Knowledge Check

* What are the file extensions for HTML files?
* How do you make a comment in HTML?
* What is the name of the file that generally contains homepage content on a website?
* What is the difference between an absolute and relative path?
* What characters and symbols are used to create file paths?
* How do you open the browser inspector on a webpage?
* What is the Emmet toolkit, and why is it useful?
* What are some common operators in the Emmet toolkit, and how are they used?